Hey, Everyone!
What an exciting day it is!
It’s time for . . .
(cue dramatic soap opera theme music 🙂 )
. . . the long-awaited return of Oh, Susanna! (your picture book questions answered!)
Today’s question comes to us from BoldWriter who wonders:
In writing picture books strong verbs are a must. My question is this,
‘What are the most common verbs to avoid using, if possible, and why?’
BoldWriter, I’m so glad you asked!
As writers, it is our goal to express ourselves with the strongest, most articulate, most evocative language we can muster. We use our words to bring stories to life for our readers. In addition, as writers of picture books, our word count is extremely limited and we never want to use two or three words where one will do… and do a better job!
We’ve probably all seen those blog posts or articles that instruct us on The 5 Verbs To Avoid At All Costs! or how to Make Your Story Jump Off The Page By Eliminating These Action-Sucking Verbs!
It’s tempting to try to come up with a list. It would be so simple, wouldn’t it, if we had a list of No-No Verbs that we could just search our documents for and remove, thereby turning our stories into perfect gems of literary genius?! 🙂
But it isn’t quite that simple. (It never is with writing 🙂 ) While there are a few verbs you want to try to avoid when you can, it’s more an overall question of choosing the right word in every instance throughout your story – not just verbs, but nouns and the very judicious sprinkling of adjectives and adverbs we use where necessary and appropriate. Every word has to earn its place in your picture book manuscript. As George Carlin said, “There are no such things as bad words. Only poor choices.” 🙂
So while I can’t necessarily give you a be-all-and-end-all list of verbs to avoid, there are a few verbs that belong on the Use-With-Caution list for one reason or another:
to be (am, is, was, were, etc.)
to do (does, did)
to go (go, went)
to have (has, had)
to seem
to feel
to think
to believe
to know
Others to use carefully include:
to get
to make
to let
to put
I don’t imagine this is an exhaustive list, but it names the majority of the main culprits. (Readers, if there are others that leap to mind, please share them in the comments!)
The potential pitfall of most of the verbs on this list is that they are weak and/or vague. They lure you into using modifiers (a word, phrase, or clause which functions as an adjective or adverb to describe a word or make its meaning more specific) when you’d be better off choosing a stronger more descriptive verb to begin with.
A weak verb will fit almost anywhere because it’s nonspecific. A strong verb uses context to be the best verb for that spot.
Why say I went when you could say:
I skipped
I strolled
I dashed
I wandered
I galloped
I biked
I tiptoed
etc…?
Any of the alternate choices is stronger, clearer and more active, and conveys more information. In addition, each of the alternate choices indicate very different things occurring in the story – someone who is wandering is a different kind of character, or is in a different situation, than someone who is galloping. The alternate choices rely on context.
The verb to be has added dangers.
- It may take you down the “telling” path (you know, Show’s arch nemesis 🙂 ) and invite you to use weak descriptors like “nice” and “great” or vague descriptors like “big”. Let’s look at an example:
The building was big.
Well, how big? We’re being told something but not shown. Is it bigger than a car?bigger than a house? bigger than a mountain?
The verb to be has led us astray! 🙂
A better way to say it would be:
The building thrust its peak into the clouds.
Thrust is a stronger verb than was and used in conjunction with the clouds allows us to envision how big the building is. It also conveys a sense of action. - It may inadvertently set you up for passivity. For example:
Lucie and Lily were looked on with disgust after they ate a mustard sundae.
“Were looked on” is passive – the action is being done to the characters instead of the characters doing the action. Who is looking on Lucie and Lily with disgust and why should we care? You’d be better off with something like:
The whole first grade avoided Lucie and Lily after the mustard sundae episode. “You guys are disgusting!”
The verbs to feel, to think, to believe, to seem, and to know are in a slightly different category. They create unnecessary distance and weaker forms of expression. For example:
Joe thought the goblin smelled like toe jam.
Does the goblin smell like toe jam or doesn’t he?
If he does, it would be a stronger statement to simply say: The goblin smelled like toe jam. If he doesn’t, there’s no reason to bring it up at all! (I mean really, why would you bring up toe jam if you didn’t have to? 🙂 )
Most times if you find you’ve used think, know, believe, seem, or feel, you can simply cut them to make your sentence stronger and more active.
Choosing strong verbs and nouns also has the advantage of allowing you to avoid flowery or overly descriptive language which a) runs up your word count, b) slows the pace of your story, c) can distract from the action, and d) can potentially confuse picture book aged readers.
All verbs, however, even those on the caution list, are useful and have their place, and in some cases are the best choice when you want to stay simple and direct.
For example:
Phyllis was not like the other groundhogs.
Yes, I used the verb to be. But as an opening sentence, this is simple and direct and conveys immediately the information that Phyllis is different. In this case (I would argue 🙂 ) the verb to be was the right verb for the job.
So it’s not really that there are verbs you want to avoid. Rather, you want to choose the strongest word you can in any instance, verb or otherwise – the word that does the very best job of conveying your meaning in that sentence.
Part of the fun of writing is polishing our work until it shines, going over and over our sentences until each word is perfect. 🙂
BoldWriter, I hope that answers your question, at least somewhat!
And now, I open the floor to readers. Do you have thoughts on verb usage? Do you have a list of verbs you avoid?
Please feel free to email me your picture book writing, reading or teaching questions! The next installment of Oh, Susanna! will be Monday June 5.
Have a marvelous Monday, everyone! 🙂
Susanna Leonard Hill 
This is excellent, oh Susanna! Great to have you back!
Thank you, Iza! 🙂 Feel free to chime in if you have advice!!!
Like you, I don’t “avoid” any totally. But I use (or try to remember to use!) the admonition to put every word on trial. Think about why you’re using it. It would be hard to do in a novel, but no excuses not to in a picture book. 🙂
Exactly, Wendy! As I said, every word has to earn its place! I like the idea of putting them on trial 🙂
This is nice. wait, edit: You share the wisdom of a sage.
Hahaha 🙂 Well put, Geoffrey! Wait. Edit. Masterful assimilation of knowledge 🙂
This is one of the best verb articles I’ve read. Thanks so much. What is your opinion on using the verb ‘said’ in dialogue. Several teachers and authors I respect say to only use the word ‘said’ – everything else is unnecessary. But it is the verb of the sentence, and there are so many more descriptive verbs that can be used to help better describe the character and situation. Thoughts?
Good question, David. My thoughts on “said” are the same as on verbs in general – choose the one that’s best for the sentence you’re in. In many cases, a simple “said” allows us to know someone spoke without getting bogged down in extra information or pulled out of the action. We can kind of gloss over it and stay in the story. But there are definitely situations where you want to use a verb that shows how the speaker spoke – that he yelled, or she whispered, or they guffawed or whatever. And in those cases, a stronger, more specific verb is a better choice. A thoughtful mix is usually best. “Said” every time is dull and sounds repetitive. But a different verb for every line of dialogue is distracting. You also don’t have to use a “said” after every line of dialogue. Sometimes you can do things like:
“Let’s go play on the swings!” said Mary.
“One second. I just want to finish my sandcastle.” David stuck a pinecone on top with a flourish. “Okay! I’m ready!”
Here, it’s clear that David is speaking, but you didn’t actually use any speaking verbs.
What are your thoughts? Agree? Disagree? 🙂
Thanks, Susanna. My thoughts on the topic match your own, It is nice to hear what other writers think.
Thanks for this super helpful post, Susanna!
You’re welcome, Shelley. I’m glad you find it helpful! 🙂
Great article Susanna! And I love the advice on “said” since I’ve struggled with that one myself. Look forward to the next installment! 🙂
Glad if you found it helpful, Jen! The next question could be yours… 🙂
This post is a keeper, Susanna! So glad you are bringing back this column. As always, you shine!
Glad you like it, Melissa! And you’re way too nice! 🙂
Thanks, Susanna! And I appreciate your insightful response to David’s question about “said.” I had the same question.
You’re welcome, Gabi! I’m glad you found it helpful!
Totally thrilled to see the return of Oh Susanna!
And the subject of verbs looms large in our picture book writing repertoire. Thank you so very much!
I agree that speech tags (said and asked and others) often take up valuable word count and could be eliminated by using a descriptive action passage like the one you gave as an example.
Love this so much, Susanna!!!!
Thank, Vivian! I’m glad you’re enthusiastic about Oh, Susannna! 🙂 And also glad that you approve of my response since you are as knowledgable as I am on the subject or moreso! 🙂
This is great. Thank you for bringing it back Susanna.
My pleasure, Greg. Glad if you found it helpful! 🙂
Wonderful advice! (And now I want to create a character who smells like toe jam.)
Now why did I know that YOU would be the one to say that, Mike?! 🙂
Hey, I gotta be me.
🙂 🙂 🙂
Shared. Excellent examples!
Aw shucks, Keila! Glad you liked it and thanks for sharing! ❤
Super duper verb wisdom Susanna!
Thanks, Cathy! I’m glad you think so! 🙂
Good info to keep close at hand as a reminder. Thanks for your post, Susanna!
You’re welcome, Jill! Thanks for stopping by to read! 🙂
Excellent post, Susanna. Great to keep handy for my revisions. Thanks!
You’re welcome, Diane! So glad if it’s useful! 🙂
Absolutely love this-what a way to help us enjoy shining up our work! Thank you!!!
You’re welcome, Danna! Just try to avoid toe jam 🙂
Oh, Susanna! Welcome back! I love how you phrase the issue – to be cautious, rather than callous; to weigh each word & use some only when necessary – when a more lively, active, descriptive verb just won’t do. I’ve grabbed (nabbed?) your wondrous Caution sign as a reminder to think before inserting just any-old verb.
I’m so glad if anything I said was helpful, Patricia! And I’m glad you like my little sign 🙂 I made it on canva last night 🙂
Reblogged this on Traci Bold's IT'S ALL ABOUT THE WORDS and commented:
A fantastic blog about verb usage for picture book writers by Susanna Hill!
Thanks, Traci!
Excellent lesson for picture book writers and well, writers in general Susanna! I now have this bookmarked for writing references. I even printed out your sign and put it on desk as a reminder while writing. 🙂
I’m so glad you found the information helpful, Traci! And so glad you like my sign 🙂 I made it all by myself (shocking I know!) Thank you for sharing this everywhere!
“To be” reminders always make me flashback to Jr high Spanish. Which reinforces the desire to steer clear as much as possible 😁
Looking forward to more Oh Susanna wisdom!
Hahaha! 🙂 I always think of the Gilligan’s Island musical version of Hamlet where he sings, “I ask to be, or not to be, that is the question that I ask of thee” 🙂
I’ve known to use active verbs and to avoid passive verbs, but I sometimes find myself stuck on the HOW. This article clarified it for me. I will book mark it for future reference and sharing it with others. Thank you!
I’m so glad the information was helpful, Shirley! Thank you so much for stopping by to read and for sharing the post with others! 🙂